Germany
Policy Pyramid
Effort Defining
Supporting Measure
Implementation Toolbox
Policy Timeline
1997
BMU environmental innovation programme
1999
Rebate on energy tax (introduction electricity tax)
2002
CHP Law (Kraft Wärme Kopplungsgezets)
2005
EU emissions trading system (EU ETS)
2005
Voluntary agreement with German industry II (Erklärung der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Klimavorsorge II)
2006
Rebate on energy tax (introduction energy tax)
2008
Energy advice for SMEs (follow-up of the "Special Fund for Energy Efficiency in SMEs")
2009
Partnership for Climate Protection and Energy
2009
30 Pilot Network Project
2012
KfW Environmental and Energy Efficiency Programmes (formally ERP)
Policy Categorization
Economic
GE-1: EU emissions trading system (EU ETS)Policy Sub-Type: Emissions Trading · Policy Pyramid:
GE-3: Rebate on energy and electricity tax for energy intensive companies “Spitzenausgleich”Policy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-4: KfW Environmental and Energy Efficiency Programmes (formally ERP)Policy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-5: CHP Law (Kraft Wärme Kopplungsgesetz)Policy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-6: BMU environmental innovation programmePolicy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-7: Energy advice for SMEsPolicy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-10: BMWi promotion of highly-efficient cross-sectoral technologiesPolicy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
GE-11: KfW financing initiative energy transitionPolicy Sub-Type: Incentives & Subsidies · Policy Pyramid:
Administrative
GE-2: Voluntary agreements with German industryPolicy Sub-Type: Negotiated Agreement · Policy Pyramid:
Information & Outreach
GE-8: Partnership for Climate Protection and EnergyPolicy Sub-Type: · Policy Pyramid:
GE-9: 30 Pilot Network ProjectPolicy Sub-Type: · Policy Pyramid:
Main Industry Characteristics
Almost 40% of the CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion) in Germany in 2009 were emitted by the public electricity and heat sector and 13% by the manufacturing industry. The iron and steel sector emitted around a quarter of emissions in the manufacturing industry. Energy intensity of the German industry (measured in energy use per unit of value added) is relatively low compared to the EU average and the average of IEA countries (IEA, 2009)[1].
National Gross Domestic Product: 2,140,610.00 (Mln Euro's)
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Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2009 [1]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [2]
Sector
millions of Euros
Basic metals
62.00
Chemicals
55.00
Equipment & machinery
218.00
Food & tobacco
38.00
Fuel production
5.00
Rubber, plastics, and other non-metallic minerals
37.00
Textile
6.00
Wood and paper products
24.00
TOTAL
445.00
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2010 [2]
Final Energy Consumption: 234,955.00 (ktoe)
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Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sector
ktoe
Chemicals
13,241.00
Equipment & machinery
8,523.00
Food & tobacco
4,918.00
Iron & steel
14,614.00
Non-ferrous metals
2,148.00
Non-metallic minerals
6,374.00
Non-specified
4,592.00
Paper, pulp & print
6,237.00
Refining
1,601.00
Textile & leather
589.00
TOTAL
62,837.00
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2010 [3]
Primary Energy Consumption: 335,867.00 (ktoe)
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Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sector
ktoe
Chemicals
26,289.00
Equipment & machinery
16,463.00
Food & tobacco
7,188.00
Iron & steel
17,387.00
Non-ferrous metals
3,576.00
Non-metallic minerals
7,606.00
Non-specified
7,937.00
Paper, pulp & print
10,448.00
Refining
1,601.00
Textile & leather
1,095.00
TOTAL
99,590.00
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2010 [3]
Direct CO2 Emissions Only: 761.50 (Mt)
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Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2010 [4]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [4]
Sector
Mt
Chemicals
15.60
Equipment & machinery
8.40
Food & tobacco
7.80
Iron & steel
28.70
Non-Ferrous Metals
2.30
Non-Metallic Minerals
16.10
Other
2.50
Other Energy Industries
26.30
Paper & printing
7.10
Textile & leather
0.80
Wood
0.60
TOTAL
116.20
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2010 [4]
Total CO2 Emissions: 750.10 (Mt)
Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2009 [5]
References
[1] OECD statistics, 2009, http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx
[2] EU KLEMS, 2012, http://www.euklems.net/
[3] IEA Statistics: Energy Balances © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[4] IEA Statistics: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[5] IEA, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 2009. On-line data service, 2011 edition.
Sectoral Contribution
2009 [1]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
2010 [2]
Sector | millions of Euros |
Basic metals | 62.00 |
Chemicals | 55.00 |
Equipment & machinery | 218.00 |
Food & tobacco | 38.00 |
Fuel production | 5.00 |
Rubber, plastics, and other non-metallic minerals | 37.00 |
Textile | 6.00 |
Wood and paper products | 24.00 |
TOTAL | 445.00 |
2010 [2]
Sectoral Contribution
2010 [3]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
2010 [3]
Sector | ktoe |
Chemicals | 13,241.00 |
Equipment & machinery | 8,523.00 |
Food & tobacco | 4,918.00 |
Iron & steel | 14,614.00 |
Non-ferrous metals | 2,148.00 |
Non-metallic minerals | 6,374.00 |
Non-specified | 4,592.00 |
Paper, pulp & print | 6,237.00 |
Refining | 1,601.00 |
Textile & leather | 589.00 |
TOTAL | 62,837.00 |
2010 [3]
Primary Energy Consumption: 335,867.00 (ktoe)
Compare all Countries
Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [3]
Sector
ktoe
Chemicals
26,289.00
Equipment & machinery
16,463.00
Food & tobacco
7,188.00
Iron & steel
17,387.00
Non-ferrous metals
3,576.00
Non-metallic minerals
7,606.00
Non-specified
7,937.00
Paper, pulp & print
10,448.00
Refining
1,601.00
Textile & leather
1,095.00
TOTAL
99,590.00
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2010 [3]
Direct CO2 Emissions Only: 761.50 (Mt)
Compare all Countries
Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2010 [4]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
See Source Data
2010 [4]
Sector
Mt
Chemicals
15.60
Equipment & machinery
8.40
Food & tobacco
7.80
Iron & steel
28.70
Non-Ferrous Metals
2.30
Non-Metallic Minerals
16.10
Other
2.50
Other Energy Industries
26.30
Paper & printing
7.10
Textile & leather
0.80
Wood
0.60
TOTAL
116.20
Back to Chart
2010 [4]
Total CO2 Emissions: 750.10 (Mt)
Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2009 [5]
References
[1] OECD statistics, 2009, http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx
[2] EU KLEMS, 2012, http://www.euklems.net/
[3] IEA Statistics: Energy Balances © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[4] IEA Statistics: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[5] IEA, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 2009. On-line data service, 2011 edition.
Sectoral Contribution
2010 [3]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
2010 [3]
Sector | ktoe |
Chemicals | 26,289.00 |
Equipment & machinery | 16,463.00 |
Food & tobacco | 7,188.00 |
Iron & steel | 17,387.00 |
Non-ferrous metals | 3,576.00 |
Non-metallic minerals | 7,606.00 |
Non-specified | 7,937.00 |
Paper, pulp & print | 10,448.00 |
Refining | 1,601.00 |
Textile & leather | 1,095.00 |
TOTAL | 99,590.00 |
2010 [3]
Sectoral Contribution
2010 [4]
Sub-sector Contribution to Manufacturing Industry
2010 [4]
Sector | Mt |
Chemicals | 15.60 |
Equipment & machinery | 8.40 |
Food & tobacco | 7.80 |
Iron & steel | 28.70 |
Non-Ferrous Metals | 2.30 |
Non-Metallic Minerals | 16.10 |
Other | 2.50 |
Other Energy Industries | 26.30 |
Paper & printing | 7.10 |
Textile & leather | 0.80 |
Wood | 0.60 |
TOTAL | 116.20 |
2010 [4]
Total CO2 Emissions: 750.10 (Mt)
Sectoral Contribution
See Source Data
2009 [5]
References
[1] OECD statistics, 2009, http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx
[2] EU KLEMS, 2012, http://www.euklems.net/
[3] IEA Statistics: Energy Balances © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[4] IEA Statistics: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[5] IEA, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 2009. On-line data service, 2011 edition.
Sectoral Contribution
2009 [5]
[1] OECD statistics, 2009, http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx
[2] EU KLEMS, 2012, http://www.euklems.net/
[3] IEA Statistics: Energy Balances © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[4] IEA Statistics: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion © OECD/International Energy Agency, 2013.
[5] IEA, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 2009. On-line data service, 2011 edition.